When introducing a sentence with an adverbial participle phrase, add a comma after it. In the middle or at the end of a sentence, commas are frequently unnecessary.

When introducing a sentence with an infinitive phrase, add a comma after it. In the middle or at the end of a sentence, commas are generally unnecessary.

When starting a sentence with an adverbial clause, place a comma after it. If the adverbial clause follows the main clause, commas are generally unnecessary.

At the start of a sentence, add a comma after a sentence adverb to signal that it modifies not the word that follows but the entire sentence that follows.

When meaning "I hope", use commas to set off the sentence adverb "hopefully". When using "hopefully" as a regular adverb, we do not generally place a comma to separate the adverb from the word (verb, adjective, or adverb) it describes.

When using "obviously" or "naturally" as regular adverbs, to modify a single word, we do not typically place a comma to separate them from the verb, adjective, or adverb they describe.

When reflecting the speaker's judgement or opinion, the sentence adverbs "apparently" and "presumably" should be followed by a comma at the beginning of a sentence.

When introducing a clause with a sentence adverb, such as "oddly", "curiously", "ironically", or "surprisingly", add a comma after it.

Set off the sentence adverbs "personally" and "confidentially" with commas to express your opinion or say something in a way that is intended to be private.