At the start of a sentence, adding a comma after a brief prepositional phrase, such as “until now”, “until then”, “up until now”, or “until recently” is usually optional.

At the beginning of a sentence, using a comma after the expressions “for now”, “for years now”, “for the moment”, etc. is optional.

At the beginning of a sentence, we do not need to place a comma after short adverbial phrases, like “in the interim”. Longer introductory phrases (more than four words), such as “in the course of...”, are commonly followed by a comma.

At the start of a sentence, use a comma after prepositional phrases introduced by "at the time of", "at the time when", or "in the time of".

We do not typically use a comma before or after an adverbial phrase, such as “at the same time” or “for the time being”, to separate the phrase from the verb it describes.

Commas are typically unnecessary when using the expressions “at some point”, “one of these days”, “sooner or later”, “one day”, or “someday” in a sentence.

At the start of a sentence, add a comma after the introductory phrases “in the middle” or “in the middle of...”.

At the beginning of a sentence, we usually place a comma after introductory phrases, such as "in the end", "at last", "by the end of...", "at the end of...", or "at the latest" to make the sentence clearer.

At the start of a sentence, you can optionally add a comma after “at the beginning of...”, “at the start of...”, “in the beginning”, or “at first” to avoid confusion, add emphasis, or signal a pause. In case of doubt, use it to help readers understand the meaning of the sentence.