Comma Usage Before 'If Not'
When using "if not" as a conditional clause (for things that will possibily happen), add a comma after "if not" at the start of a sentence.
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3 min read
Comma Use Before 'As explained', 'As said', 'As stated', etc.
In general, use commas to set off clauses, phrases, or expressions that are introduced by "as explained", "as said", "as commented", "as declared", "as stated", or similar terms.
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3 min read
Comma Use with 'If necessary', 'If required', 'When needed', etc.
At the start of a sentence, use a comma after "if necessary", "if needed", "when required", "where needed", etc. Normally, we don't need a comma before "if necessary", "when needed", etc. in mid-sentence or at the end of the sentence.
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3 min read
Commas With 'Whether'
In the middle of a sentence, we do not typically use a comma before or after "whether".
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2 min read
Commas With 'Until'
If "until" or "till" comes at the start of the sentence, use a comma after the clause introduced by "until"—a clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb.
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2 min read
Do You Need a Comma Before 'Unless'?
If "unless" appears at the start of a sentence, add a comma after the first clause.
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2 min read
Do You Need a Comma Before 'So'?
Add a comma before "so" when meaning "therefore". Omit the comma to explain why something happened.
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2 min read
Commas With Academic Degrees and Titles
Abbreviations for academic degrees or titles that follow a name should be surrounded by commas. When preceding a name, however, the abbreviation (or title) must not be followed by a comma.
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2 min read
Commas With Names and For Direct Address
Enclose names between commas when speaking to someone directly (e.g., in dialogue). In general, do not use commas when talking about someone (instead of talking to someone).
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3 min read